Construction & trades
Contractors live and die by job costing. Revenue recognition on long-term contracts, retainage, change orders and a work-in-progress schedule all have to tie to the books, and the tax accounting method for contracts is a choice worth revisiting as you grow. Materials and labor that move between job sites are also where theft and padded payroll hide.
- Job costing and WIP schedules
- Accounting methods for long-term contracts
- Materials and payroll controls in the field
Real estate & property management
Real estate returns turn on depreciation, and cost segregation can change the timing of deductions on a building. Property managers also hold other people’s money: owner funds and security deposits that must be reconciled and kept separate. Maintenance and vendor billing is a common place for inflated or fictitious invoices.
- Depreciation and cost segregation awareness
- Trust and deposit account reconciliation
- Vendor and maintenance billing review
Professional services
Firms that sell time need clean work-in-progress and unbilled tracking, and partner or owner compensation has real tax consequences. Remote staff can create filing obligations in states you have never thought of. Expense reimbursements and firm credit cards are the usual weak points.
- Unbilled time and WIP
- Owner compensation and entity choice
- Multi-state exposure from remote staff
Healthcare & dental practices
Practices collect from patients, insurers and financing companies, and every stream needs to reconcile to deposits. The front desk handles cash and co-pays, which makes collections a known fraud risk. Entity structure and owner compensation matter as a practice adds providers or locations.
- Payer and patient collections reconciliation
- Front-desk cash controls
- Structure as providers and locations are added
Hospitality & restaurants
Thin margins leave little room for error in food and labor cost. Point-of-sale voids, comps and discounts are the classic channel for skimming, and tip reporting has its own payroll and tax rules. Daily sales should reconcile to deposits, every day.
- POS voids, comps and cash reconciliation
- Tip reporting and payroll
- Food and labor cost tracking
Manufacturing & distribution
Inventory drives both the balance sheet and the tax return, so costing methods and physical counts need to be right. Selling into many states raises sales tax and income tax nexus questions. Inventory shrinkage and vendor kickbacks in purchasing are the risks to watch.
- Inventory costing and counts
- Multi-state sales and income tax nexus
- Purchasing and vendor controls
Nonprofits
Nonprofits answer to donors, grantors and the public through Form 990, and restricted funds and grants must be tracked separately from general operations. Small finance teams often rely on one trusted person, which makes segregation of duties the most important control a board can insist on.
- Form 990 and public reporting
- Restricted fund and grant tracking
- Segregation of duties and board oversight